The Substitute Teacher Glossary: Essential Terms & Definitions

Navigating the world of substitute teaching can feel like learning a new language. From deciphering school policies to understanding classroom dynamics, there’s a lot to grasp quickly. This glossary is your cheat sheet to understanding the key terms and concepts you’ll encounter as a Substitute Teacher.

This isn’t a general education guide; it’s focused specifically on the terminology that impacts your daily work as a Substitute Teacher, helping you confidently step into any classroom.

What You’ll Get From This Glossary

• Definitions of 20+ essential Substitute Teacher terms, covering classroom management, school administration, and student support.
• Contextual examples showing how each term applies in real-world scenarios.
• A quick-reference checklist for common Substitute Teacher responsibilities.
• A “Do/Don’t” guide for using key terms effectively in communication with staff and students.
• A list of quiet red flags to watch out for when accepting assignments.
• FAQ section to quickly answer common questions about Substitute Teacher terminology.

Substitute Teacher: Definition

A Substitute Teacher is an educator who temporarily fills the role of a regular classroom teacher. They are responsible for maintaining classroom order, delivering instruction, and ensuring student safety in the absence of the primary teacher. For example, if a 5th-grade teacher is out sick, a Substitute Teacher steps in to teach math, reading, and other subjects, following the lesson plans left by the regular teacher.

Classroom Management Terms

Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)

A Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP) outlines strategies to address specific student behaviors that interfere with learning. It’s crucial for maintaining a positive classroom environment. For example, a BIP might include a system of rewards for a student who struggles with staying on task, or a designated quiet area for a student who needs a break from sensory overload. Always review and follow the BIPs for students in your class.

Positive Reinforcement

Positive reinforcement involves rewarding desired behaviors to increase their frequency. It’s a key element of effective classroom management. For example, praising a student for raising their hand before speaking, or giving a class extra recess time for completing an assignment on time, are forms of positive reinforcement. Using positive reinforcement helps create a supportive learning environment.

Restorative Justice

Restorative justice is an approach to discipline that focuses on repairing harm and building relationships, rather than punishment. It involves bringing together those who have been harmed and those who caused the harm to discuss the impact of their actions and find ways to make amends. For example, if a student bullies another student, restorative justice might involve a facilitated conversation between them to address the harm caused and develop a plan for moving forward.

School Administration Terms

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a legally binding document that outlines the specific educational needs and goals for a student with a disability. It includes accommodations, modifications, and support services designed to help the student succeed in the classroom. For example, an IEP might specify that a student with dyslexia receives extra time on tests or uses assistive technology for reading. Substitute Teachers must adhere to the accommodations outlined in each student’s IEP.

504 Plan

A 504 Plan is a plan developed to ensure that a child with a disability receives accommodations that will ensure their academic success and access to the learning environment. It differs from an IEP in that it doesn’t necessarily require specialized instruction, but rather focuses on removing barriers to learning. For example, a student with ADHD might have a 504 plan that allows them to sit near the front of the classroom or take frequent breaks. Just like IEPs, it is important to follow 504 plans.

Emergency Drill

An emergency drill is a practice exercise designed to prepare students and staff for potential emergencies, such as fire, earthquake, or lockdown. It is crucial for Substitute Teachers to understand and follow the school’s emergency procedures. For example, knowing the evacuation route for a fire drill, or the designated safe area for a lockdown, is essential for ensuring student safety during an emergency.

Student Support Terms

English Language Learner (ELL)

An English Language Learner (ELL) is a student who is in the process of learning the English language. These students may require additional support and accommodations to succeed in the classroom. For example, an ELL student might need translated materials, visual aids, or extra time to complete assignments. Substitute Teachers should be aware of the ELL students in their class and provide appropriate support.

Differentiated Instruction

Differentiated instruction involves tailoring instruction to meet the diverse learning needs of students in the classroom. It recognizes that students learn in different ways and at different paces. For example, a Substitute Teacher might provide different reading materials at varying reading levels, or offer a choice of activities to demonstrate understanding of a concept. Differentiated instruction ensures that all students are challenged and supported in their learning.

Accommodations vs. Modifications

Accommodations are changes to *how* a student learns the material, while modifications are changes to *what* a student is expected to learn. Accommodations do not change the content of the curriculum, but provide support to access it. For example, providing a student with large-print textbooks is an accommodation. Modifications, on the other hand, alter the curriculum. For example, reducing the number of math problems a student is required to complete is a modification.

Key Substitute Teacher Responsibilities Checklist

Use this checklist to ensure you’re covering the basics in each assignment:

1. Review the Substitute Teacher folder: Locate lesson plans, classroom rules, and any special instructions.
2. Check for IEPs and 504 plans: Understand the accommodations and modifications required for specific students.
3. Familiarize yourself with emergency procedures: Know the evacuation routes and emergency contact information.
4. Take attendance: Accurately record student attendance and report any absences.
5. Maintain classroom order: Enforce classroom rules and address any disruptive behavior.
6. Deliver instruction: Follow the lesson plans and provide clear explanations.
7. Provide student support: Offer assistance to students who are struggling with the material.
8. Communicate with staff: Report any issues or concerns to the school administration.
9. Leave a detailed note for the regular teacher: Summarize the day’s activities, student progress, and any notable events.
10. Ensure a safe and positive learning environment: Promote respect, inclusivity, and engagement.

Do This / Don’t Do This: Terminology Edition

Using the correct terminology demonstrates professionalism and understanding. Here’s a quick guide:

• Do: Refer to students with IEPs or 504 plans by their preferred names and pronouns. Don’t: Use labels like “the IEP student” or “the 504 kid.”
• Do: Use the term “English Language Learner (ELL)” instead of outdated terms like “Limited English Proficient (LEP).” Don’t: Make assumptions about a student’s abilities based on their language proficiency.
• Do: Follow the specific strategies outlined in a student’s Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP). Don’t: Implement your own disciplinary measures without understanding the student’s needs.
• Do: Communicate respectfully with school staff, using professional language and terminology. Don’t: Engage in gossip or use slang that may be misinterpreted.

Quiet Red Flags to Watch Out For

These subtle clues can indicate a challenging assignment:

• Vague or missing lesson plans: This can suggest a lack of preparation or support.
• Unclear expectations for classroom management: If you’re not provided with clear guidelines, it may be difficult to maintain order.
• A history of frequent Substitute Teacher turnover: This could indicate underlying issues with the classroom or school environment.
• Lack of communication from school staff: If you’re unable to reach anyone with questions or concerns, it may be a sign of poor communication.
• Disorganized or incomplete Substitute Teacher folder: This can make it difficult to understand the day’s activities and responsibilities.

FAQ

What is the difference between an accommodation and a modification?

Accommodations change how a student learns the material, while modifications change what a student is expected to learn. Accommodations provide support without altering the curriculum, while modifications adjust the curriculum to meet the student’s needs. For example, providing a student with a calculator is an accommodation, while reducing the number of questions on a test is a modification.

How do I handle a student who is not following the classroom rules?

First, review the classroom rules and expectations. Then, try to address the behavior privately and respectfully. Use positive reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors. If the behavior continues, follow the school’s disciplinary procedures and consult with the school administration.

What should I do if I don’t understand the lesson plans?

Start by reviewing the lesson plans carefully and looking for any clarifying information. If you’re still unsure, try to contact the regular teacher or a fellow teacher for assistance. You can also adapt the lesson plans to your own teaching style, while still covering the essential content.

How do I support English Language Learners (ELLs) in the classroom?

Provide visual aids, translated materials, and extra time for assignments. Use simple language and speak clearly. Encourage ELLs to participate in class and provide positive feedback. Partner them with supportive classmates. Be patient and understanding of their language learning process.

What is the best way to communicate with school staff?

Be professional, respectful, and clear in your communication. Use appropriate terminology and avoid slang or jargon. Report any issues or concerns promptly. Follow the school’s communication protocols. Be open to feedback and willing to collaborate with staff to support student success.

What should I include in the note I leave for the regular teacher?

Summarize the day’s activities, student progress, and any notable events. Report any issues or concerns that arose during the day. Provide feedback on the lesson plans and suggest any adjustments that may be needed. Thank the teacher for the opportunity to Substitute Teach in their classroom.

What do I do if a student has a medical emergency?

Follow the school’s emergency procedures. Contact the school nurse or administration immediately. Provide basic first aid if necessary. Stay calm and reassure the student. Do not administer any medication without proper authorization. Keep other students away from the area and maintain order in the classroom.

How can I create a positive learning environment as a Substitute Teacher?

Be enthusiastic, engaging, and respectful of all students. Use positive reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors. Create a sense of community and inclusivity in the classroom. Provide opportunities for students to collaborate and learn from each other. Make learning fun and relevant to their lives.

What if a student refuses to do their work?

First, try to understand why the student is refusing to work. Are they struggling with the material? Are they feeling frustrated or overwhelmed? Offer assistance and encouragement. If the student continues to refuse, follow the school’s disciplinary procedures. Document the incident and report it to the school administration.

How do I handle a situation where students are arguing or fighting?

Intervene immediately to separate the students and ensure their safety. Speak calmly and firmly to de-escalate the situation. Listen to both sides of the story and try to understand the root cause of the conflict. Help the students find a resolution that is fair and respectful. Follow the school’s disciplinary procedures. Document the incident and report it to the school administration.

What if I suspect a student is being abused or neglected?

Report your suspicions to the school administration or a designated child protective services agency immediately. Do not confront the student or their family. Document your observations and concerns in detail. Follow the school’s reporting protocols. Your role is to report your suspicions, not to investigate or determine the truth of the matter.

What are my legal responsibilities as a Substitute Teacher?

You are responsible for maintaining a safe and positive learning environment for all students. You must follow the school’s policies and procedures, including those related to student discipline, confidentiality, and reporting of suspected abuse or neglect. You must also adhere to the accommodations outlined in students’ IEPs and 504 plans. Consult with the school administration if you have any questions or concerns about your legal responsibilities.

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